Tuatha Dé Danannㅣ 투아흐 데 다난ㅣ캘트족

 

Tuatha Dé Danann, (Gaelic: “People of the Goddess Danu”), in Celtic mythology, a race inhabiting Ireland before the arrival of the Milesians (the ancestors of the modern Irish). They were said to have been skilled in magic, and the earliest reference to them relates that, after they were banished from heaven because of their knowledge, they descended on Ireland in a cloud of mist. They were thought to have disappeared into the hills when overcome by the Milesians. The Leabhar Gabhála (Book of Invasions), a fictitious history of Ireland from the earliest times, treats them as actual people, and they were so regarded by native historians up to the 17th century. In popular legend they have become associated with the numerous fairies still supposed to inhabit the Irish landscape.

 

Tuatha Dé Danann, (게일어: "다누 여신의 사람들"), 켈트 신화에서 밀레시안(현대 아일랜드의 조상)이 오기 전에 아일랜드에 거주했던 종족. 그들은 마술에 능숙했다고 하며, 지식 때문에 하늘에서 쫓겨난 후 안개 구름을 타고 아일랜드로 내려왔다는 최초의 언급이 있습니다. 밀레시안들에게 정복당했을 때 그들은 언덕으로 사라진 것으로 생각되었습니다. 초기부터 아일랜드의 가상 역사인 Leabhar Gabhála(침략서)는 그들을 실제 사람으로 취급하며 17세기까지 토착 역사가들에 의해 그렇게 간주되었습니다. 대중적인 전설에서 그들은 여전히 아일랜드 풍경에 살고 있다고 여겨지는 수많은 요정과 관련이 있습니다.

 

Dian Cécht, one of the Tuatha Dé Danann, the gods of Celtic Ireland. He was the physician of the gods and father of Cian, who in turn was the father of the most important god, Lugh (see Lugus). When Nuadu, the king of the gods, had his hand cut off in the battle of Mag Tuired, Dian Cécht fashioned him a silver hand that moved as well as a real hand. Dian Cécht’s son Miach, however, was able to give Nuadu a functional human hand; Dian Cécht killed his son in a fit of jealousy.

Dian Cécht claimed to be able to restore any man who was mortally wounded. He did this by throwing the wounded into a well and pulling them out alive. This may refer to Celtic ritual involving ritual bathing or drowning.

The Tuatha Dé Danann - Ireland's Greatest Tribe

 

켈트 아일랜드의 신인 Tuatha Dé Danann 중 하나인 Dian Cécht(디안 체흐트). 그는 신들의 의사이자 가장 중요한 신인 Lugh(루)의 아버지인 Cian(시안)의 아버지였습니다(Lugus 참조). 신들의 왕 누아두(Nuadu)가 마그 투이레드(Mag Tuired) 전투에서 손이 잘렸을 때, 디안 체흐트(Dian Cécht)는 그에게 실제 손처럼 움직이는 은빛 손을 만들어 주었습니다. 그러나 Dian Cécht의 아들 Miach는 Nuadu에게 기능적인 인간의 손을 줄 수 있었습니다. Dian Cécht는 질투심에 아들을 죽였습니다.

Dian Cécht는 치명상을 입은 사람을 모두 회복시킬 수 있다고 주장했습니다. 그는 부상당한 사람들을 우물에 던지고 산 채로 끌어내어 이렇게 했습니다. 이것은 의식 목욕이나 익사를 포함하는 켈트 의식을 가리킬 수 있습니다.

 

다누 여신의 민족인 투아타 데 다난은 아일랜드의 위대한 고대 부족 중 하나였습니다. 기원전 1897년부터 아일랜드를 통치했다고 기록되어 있는 중요한 필사본 '네 주인의 연대기(Annals of the Four Masters)'. 기원전 1700년까지

아일랜드에 부족의 도착은 전설의 재료입니다. 그들은 Connaught 해안선에 상륙하여 거대한 안개 속에서 나타났습니다. 그들은 새로운 땅에 정착하기 위해 배를 불태웠다고 추측됩니다. 당시 아일랜드의 통치자는 Erc의 아들 Eochid가 이끄는 Fir Bolg였습니다.

Tuatha Dé Danann은 Fir Bolg와의 피할 수 없는 전투에서 승리했지만, 그들이 싸운 방식을 존중하기 위해 Fir Bolg가 Connaught에 남아 있는 동안 승자가 아일랜드의 나머지 지역을 통치하도록 허용했습니다.

아일랜드의 새로운 통치자는 문명화되고 교양 있는 사람들이었습니다. 그들이 아일랜드에 도입한 새로운 기술과 전통은 그들이 정복한 사람들에게 높은 평가를 받았습니다. 그들은 그들의 기술을 보여주는 4개의 큰 보물(또는 부적)을 가지고 있었습니다. 첫 번째는 아일랜드의 진정한 왕이 그 위에 섰을 때 비명을 지르는 'Stone of Fal'이었습니다. 그것은 나중에 아일랜드의 대왕(High Kings of Ireland)의 자리인 타라(Tara) 언덕에 놓였습니다. 두 번째는 '누아다의 마법검'으로, 사용 시 치명타만 입힐 수 있었다. 세 번째는 정확한 사용으로 유명한 '태양신 루의 새총'이었다. 마지막 보물은 끝없는 식량 공급이 나오는 '다그다의 가마솥'이었다.

투아타의 원래 지도자는 누아다(Nuada)였지만 전투에서 팔을 잃은 그는 왕이 될 수 없다는 칙령을 받았습니다. 그 영예는 ​​Fomorian 혈통의 부족민인 Breas에게 돌아갔습니다. 그러나 그의 7년 통치는 행복한 것이 아니었고, 그는 굶주림과 반대에 환멸을 느낀 그의 백성들에 의해 축출되었습니다. Nuada는 은으로 만든 대체 팔로 눈부신 왕으로 즉위했습니다.

Breas는 Hebrides에 기반을 둔 Fomorians의 군대를 일으켜 Sligo 카운티의 Moytura에서 Nuada와 싸웠습니다. Tuatha는 다시 승리했고 Fomorians의 힘은 영원히 부서졌습니다. 승리는 Nuadha가 전투에서 사망했기 때문에 그들의 왕 Tuatha를 희생시켰습니다. 분쟁의 영웅 Lugh가 아일랜드의 새로운 왕으로 즉위되었습니다.

다음 왕인 다그다의 손자는 강력한 멜레시아인들의 침공 기간 동안 통치했습니다. Tuatha Dé Danann은 패배하고 신화에 위탁되었습니다. 전설에 따르면 그들은 아일랜드에 머물 수 있었지만 지하에서만 머물 수 있었습니다. 따라서 그들은 'Aes sidhe'(마운드의 사람들 - 요정 마운드)로 알려지게 된 지하 세계에 위탁된 아일랜드의 요정의 운반자가 되었습니다.

멜레시아인들은 새로운 왕국의 이름으로 투아타 데 다난 신 중 하나인 에리우의 이름을 사용했습니다. Eriu 또는 Eire는 현대에도 여전히 아일랜드의 이름으로 사용됩니다.

 

The Tuatha Dé Danann, the people of the Goddess Danu, were one of the great ancient tribes of Ireland. The important manuscript 'The Annals of the Four Masters', records that they ruled Ireland from 1897 B.C. to 1700 B.C.

The arrival of the tribe in Ireland is the stuff of legend. They landed at the Connaught coastline and emerged from a great mist. It is speculated that they burned their boats to ensure that they settled down in their new land. The rulers of Ireland at the time were the Fir Bolg, led by Eochid son of Erc, who was, needless to say, unhappy about the new arrivals.

The Tuatha Dé Danann won the inevitable battle with the Fir Bolg but, out of respect for the manner in which they had fought, they allowed the Fir Bolg to remain in Connaught while the victors ruled the rest of Ireland.

The new rulers of Ireland were a civilised and cultured people. The new skills and traditions that they introduced into Ireland were held in high regard by the peoples they conquered. They had four great treasures (or talismans) that demonstrated their skills. The first was the 'Stone of Fal' which would scream when a true King of Ireland stood on it. It was later placed on the Hill of Tara, the seat of the High-Kings of Ireland. The second was the 'Magic Sword of Nuadha', which was capable of inflicting only mortal blows when used. The third was the 'sling-shot of the Sun God Lugh', famed for its accuracy when used. The final treasure was the 'Cauldron of Daghda' from which an endless supply of food issued.

The original leader of the Tuatha was Nuada but, having lost an arm in battle it was decreed that he could not rightly be king. That honour went to Breas, a tribesman of Fomorian descent. His seven year rule was not a happy one however, and he was ousted by his people who had become disenchanted with hunger and dissent. Nuada was installed as King, resplendent with his replacement arm made from silver.

Breas raised an army of Fomorians based in the Hebrides and they battled with Nuada at Moytura in County Sligo. The Tuatha again prevailed and the power of the Fomorians was broken forever. The victory had cost the Tuatha their King as Nuadha had died in the battle. A hero of the conflict named Lugh was instated as the new King of Ireland.

The grandsons of the next King, Daghda, ruled during the invasion by the mighty Melesians. The Tuatha Dé Danann were defeated and consigned to mythology. Legend has it that they were allowed to stay in Ireland, but only underground. Thus they became the bearers of the fairies of Ireland, consigned to the underworld where they became known as 'Aes sidhe' (the people of the mound - fairy mounds).

The Melesians used the name of one of the Tuatha Dé Danann gods, Eriu, as the name of their new kingdom. Eriu or Eire is still used in modern times as the name of Ireland.

출처

https://www.ireland-information.com/irish-mythology/tuatha-de-danann-irish-legend.html

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tuatha-De-Danann